Carbonylation

Protein carbonylation is the irreversible introduction of carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones) into amino acid side chains, primarily Lys, Arg, Pro, and Thr, by direct oxidation or by reactive carbonyl species from lipid peroxidation.

Relevance to this research

• General marker of oxidative protein damage; AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products) assay measures this broadly
• Detected in das-2017-sah context for severe alcoholic hepatitis
• Not specifically quantified in el-balkhi-2025 ALBOM panel — focused on Cys34-mediated and glycation isoforms
• Potential future target for PTM-CQFD project multi-protein PTM screening

For Cys34-specific oxidative modifications of HSA, see Oxidation.